The Influence of Sea-Surface Temperature on Surface Wind in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific: Weekly to Monthly Variability

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1500-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Hayes ◽  
M. J. McPhaden ◽  
J. M. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific

Cooling and freshening of the eastern equatorial Pacific over the last 2000 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Rustic ◽  
Athanasios Koutavas ◽  
Thomas Marchitto
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific

<p>Sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific exert powerful influence on the climate beyond the tropics through strong atmosphere-ocean coupling. Records of eastern Pacific sea surface temperatures are of vital importance for identifying the linkages between short-term climate variability and long-term climate trends. Here we reconstruct eastern equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature and salinity from paired trace metal and stable isotope analyses in foraminifera from a sediment core near the Galápagos Islands. Sea surface temperatures are correlated with reconstructed Northern and Southern hemisphere temperature records suggesting a common origin. We propose that this temperature signal originates in the extra-tropics and is transmitted to the eastern Pacific surface via its source waters. We find exceptions to this cooling during the Little Ice Age and during the last century, where notable sea surface temperature increases are observed. We calculate δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>sw </sub>from paired stable isotope and trace element analyses and derive salinity, which reveals a significant trend toward fresher surface waters in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The overall trend toward cooler and fresher sea surface conditions is consistent with longer-term trends from both the Eastern and Western Pacific.</p>

Mid-Pliocene equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature reconstruction: a multi-proxy perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 367 (1886) ◽  
pp. 109-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J Dowsett ◽  
Marci M Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Reconstruction ◽  
Warm Pool ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Meridional Heat Transport ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Past Climate Change

The Mid-Pliocene is the most recent interval of sustained global warmth, which can be used to examine conditions predicted for the near future. An accurate spatial representation of the low-latitude Mid-Pliocene Pacific surface ocean is necessary to understand past climate change in the light of forecasts of future change. Mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies show a strong contrast between the western equatorial Pacific (WEP) and eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) regardless of proxy (faunal, alkenone and Mg/Ca). All WEP sites show small differences from modern mean annual temperature, but all EEP sites show significant positive deviation from present-day temperatures by as much as 4.4°C. Our reconstruction reflects SSTs similar to modern in the WEP, warmer than modern in the EEP and eastward extension of the WEP warm pool. The east–west equatorial Pacific SST gradient is decreased, but the pole to equator gradient does not change appreciably. We find it improbable that increased greenhouse gases (GHG) alone would cause such a heterogeneous warming and more likely that the cause of Mid-Pliocene warmth is a combination of several forcings including both increased meridional heat transport and increased GHG.

scholarly journals Variability of Diurnal Sea Surface Temperature during Short Term and High SST Event in the Western Equatorial Pacific as Revealed by Satellite Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3230
Author(s):  
Anindya Wirasatriya ◽  
Kohtaro Hosoda ◽  
Joga Dharma Setiawan ◽  
R. Dwi Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Western Equatorial Pacific ◽  
The Western Pacific

Near-surface diurnal warming is an important process in the climate system, driving exchanges of water vapor and heat between the ocean and the atmosphere. The occurrence of the hot event (HE) is associated with the high diurnal sea surface temperature amplitude (δSST), which is defined as the difference between daily maximum and minimum sea surface temperature (SST). However, previous studies still show some inconsistency for the area of HE occurrence and high δSST. The present study produces global δSST data based on the SST, sea surface wind data derived from microwave radiometers, and solar radiation data obtained from visible/infrared radiometers. The value of δSSTs are estimated and validated over tropical oceans and then used for investigating HE in the western equatorial Pacific. A three-way error analysis was conducted using in situ mooring buoy arrays and geostationary SST measurements by the Himawari-8 and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES). The standard deviation error of daily and 10-day validation is around 0.3 °C and 0.14–0.19 °C, respectively. Our case study in the western Pacific (from 110°E to 150°W) shows that the area of HE occurrence coincided well with the area of high δSST. Climatological analysis shows that the collocated area between high occurrence rate of HE and high δSST, which coincides with the western Pacific warm pool region in all seasons. Thus, this study provides more persuasive evidence of the relation between HE occurrence and high δSST.

The Relationship between Sea Surface Temperature and Thermocline Depth in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hein Zelle ◽  
Gerrian Appeldoorn ◽  
Gerrit Burgers ◽  
Geert Jan van Oldenborgh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Thermocline Depth ◽  
Subsurface Temperature ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract The time dependence of the local relation between sea surface temperature (SST) and thermocline depth in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean is analyzed for the period 1990–99, using subsurface temperature measurements from the Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean Array/Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TAO/TRITON) buoy array. Thermocline depth anomalies lead SST anomalies in time, with a longitude-dependent delay ranging from 2 weeks in the eastern Pacific to 1 year in the central Pacific. The lagged correlation between thermocline depth and SST is strong, ranging from r > 0.9 in the east to r ≈ 0.6 at 170°W. Time-lagged correlations between thermocline depth and subsurface temperature anomalies indicate vertical advection of temperature anomalies from the thermocline to the surface in the eastern Pacific. The measurements are compared with the results of forced OGCM and linear model experiments. Using model results, it is shown that the delay between thermocline depth and SST is caused mainly by upwelling and mixing between 140° and 90°W. Between 170°E and 140°W the delay has a different explanation: thermocline depth anomalies travel to the eastern Pacific, where upwelling creates SST anomalies that in turn cause anomalous wind in the central Pacific. SST is then influenced by these wind anomalies.

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